Chiyambi
Mu June 2026, pansi pa nthaka m'mbali mwa msewu wa Beijing Rail Transit Line 22 (Pinggu Line), ma transformer asanu ndi limodzi a Scott traction omwe anali ndi mphamvu zosafanana anali atayikidwa mokwanira ndipo anakonzedwa kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito pofika kumapeto kwa chaka. Mzere 22 ndi msewu woyamba wa sitima yapakati pa mzinda wa Beijing, wolumikiza pakati pa mzinda. Kukumana kwa mzere woyamba wamtundu wake ndi transformer yoyamba yamtundu wake sikunali mwangozi.
Chosinthira cha Scott traction chomwe chili ndi mphamvu yosiyana chadziwika mwalamulo ngati "zipangizo zazikulu zaukadaulo zopangidwa kunyumba" - muyezo wa ma transformer apamwamba kwambiri m'munda wapadera wa chosinthira cha traction. Izi zisanachitike, "kusintha kwa transformer" kotsogozedwa ndi gulu laukadaulo la m'nyumba kunali kutatha kale: malo ochepa, mphamvu yochulukirapo, komanso kapangidwe kabwino ka magetsi - kuthana ndi zopinga za kumanga siteshoni ya sitima ya m'mizinda.
Ma Transformers Ogwira Ntchito: "Mtima Wamphamvu" wa Sitima
Chosinthira mphamvu ya traction ndiye maziko a dongosolo lamagetsi oyendera sitima. Sitima yapansi panthaka sipanga mphamvu yakeyake; imatenga magetsi kuchokera ku catenary ya pamwamba. Mphamvu ya AC yamagetsi ambiri pa catenary - nthawi zambiri 27.5 kV - iyenera kuchotsedwa ndikusinthidwa isanayambe kuyendetsa injini za sitimayo.
Chosinthira cha Scott traction chimagwira ntchito yosintha magawo atatu a AC kukhala magawo awiri a AC. Chimatenga mphamvu ya magawo atatu kuchokera pa gridi ndikuyisintha kukhala mphamvu ya magawo awiri ya catenary. Lingaliro laukadaulo ili linayambira kunja kwa dziko ndipo linayambitsidwa koyamba ku China mu 1985, poyamba linkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa njanji ya Beijing Qinhuangdao.
N’chifukwa chiyani kapangidwe ka mphamvu zofanana kanakhala vuto la malo?
Ma transformer a Scott traction achikhalidwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchitokapangidwe kofanana ka mphamvu: magulu onse awiri a ma windings ali ndi ma rating akulu komanso ofanana. Kapangidwe kameneka kanagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pa ntchito zonyamula katundu wambiri m'zaka zapitazo. Koma pamene sitima zapamtunda za m'mizinda zinkakula mofulumira, panali vuto lalikulu - malo osungiramo zinthu pansi pa nthaka m'mizinda ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo zida wamba "sizikanakwanira".
Vuto linali kuti? Kapangidwe kofanana ka mphamvu kunapangitsa kuti zipangizo zikhale zolemera komanso malo azikhala ndi njala. Gulu lopanga mapulani linazindikira kuti mphamvu zofanana kwenikweni zinali vuto la mafakitale - ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa sitima ndi katundu wokoka pa mikono iwiri yoperekera sizinali zofanana, transformer idapangidwabe "pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri" wa mikono yonse iwiri. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kapangidwe kofanana ka mphamvu kanasiya malire osafunikira amagetsi, ndipo malire amenewo pamapeto pake adasanduka voliyumu yeniyeni.
Kusalingana kwa Mphamvu: Kuchepetsa Kulemera Pa Gwero
Njira ya gulu la akatswiri inali yolunjika: kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka mphamvu kosagwirizana - kuwonjezera kwambiri kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa magulu awiri ozungulira, kukwaniritsa kapangidwe kopepuka komanso kakang'ono popanda kusintha mphamvu yonse yoyesedwa.
Mu kapangidwe kosiyana kwambiri komwe kulipo pakadali pano, magulu awiri ozungulira ali ndi chiwerengero cha 25,000 kVA ndi 6,300 kVA motsatana - chiŵerengero cha pafupifupi anayi kwa chimodzi. Pansi pa njira yachikhalidwe yofanana ya mphamvu, magulu onse awiriwa akanapangidwa molingana ndi muyezo wapamwamba. Kapangidwe kosagwirizana ka mphamvu kamalola kukula kosiyana kutengera kufunikira kwenikweni - mbali yolemera kwambiri imalandira mphamvu yayikulu, mbali yopepuka imalandira mphamvu yaying'ono. Mphamvu yonse imakhalabe yofanana, koma malo enieni amachepa kwambiri.
Zopinga Zitatu Zaukadaulo, Chaka Chimodzi Chachitukuko
Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mphamvu kunapanga mavuto atatu akuluakulu a uinjiniya.
Choyamba: kuwerengera kwa impedance.Ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu zinayi pakati pa magulu awiriwa, magawo amagetsi sanalinso ofanana; zovuta za kufananiza impedance zinawonjezeka kwambiri. Mafomula opangidwira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga mphamvu zofanana sanagwiritsidwenso ntchito, zomwe zimafuna chitsanzo chatsopano cha masamu.
Chachiwiri: kupitirira muyeso kwa nthawi yochepa.Sitima zapansi panthaka zimayamba ndi kuyima pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa katundu wokoka. Gulu laling'ono la zozungulira lomwe limakhala ndi mphamvu zowongolera liyeneranso kupirira kudzaza kwa nthawi yochepa panthawi yothamanga kwa sitima - gululo lidayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti "gawo laling'ono" likhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwezo monga "gawo lalikulu".
Chachitatu: kapangidwe ka nyumba.Magulu awiriwa omwe ali ndi mphamvu zosiyana kwambiri anafunika kukonzedwa m'njira yocheperako, pomwe akusungabe malo okwanira ozizira komanso oteteza kutentha, komanso kuthandizira kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza.
Gulu la polojekitiyi linagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wodzipangira wokha wa 3D kuti liyerekezere momwe ntchito ikuyendera, ndipo linagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yoyeserera kuti liwunikenso mobwerezabwereza, litsimikizire, komanso lisinthe, ndikugonjetsa chopinga chilichonse chaukadaulo.
Kuposa Kuchepetsa Minofu: Kuchotsa Zida Zonse Zapakati
Kupambana kwa mphamvu yosagwirizana ya Scott traction transformer kunapitirira kupitirira kuchepetsa thupi. Ma transformer a Scott traction wamba amapanga mphamvu yachiwiri yotulutsa ya 55 kV. Komabe, muyezo wapakhomo wa pantograph yolowera sitima ndi 27.5 kV - womwe umafuna transformer yowonjezera yodziyimira payokha pakati pawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azivuta komanso kuwonjezera ndalama zomangira ndi kukonza.
Chosinthira cha Scott traction chomwe chapangidwa chatsopanocho chimatulutsa mwachindunji ma circuits awiri a 27.5 kV, pogwiritsa ntchito chopereka chachindunji chokhala ndi mawonekedwe obweza. Ngakhale kuti chikusunga ubwino wa kapangidwe koyambirira,imachotsa chosinthira cha auto chosafunikira ndi zida zothandizira zogwirizana nazo.
Chomwe "chinachotsedwa" sichinali chochuluka chokha - koma chida chonse chosafunikira cha malo osinthira magetsi.
Mapeto
Kuchokera pa mphamvu yofanana mpaka mphamvu yosagwirizana, kuyambira "55 kV kuphatikiza transformer yodziyimira payokha" mpaka "27.5 kV direct output" - kusinthaku kochotsa transformer tsopano kwavomerezedwa ndi Beijing Rail Transit Line 22. Mayunitsi asanu ndi limodzi ayikidwa kale pansi pa nthaka ndipo adzayamba kugwira ntchito pofika kumapeto kwa chaka. Transformer yofanana ya Scott traction yadziwika mwalamulo ngati "zipangizo zazikulu zaukadaulo zopangidwa kunyumba".
Kuchokera pa kutsatira "miyezo yachilendo" mpaka kufotokozeranso njira yaukadaulo - "kuchotsa" kwa transformer kukusintha njira yoperekera magetsi yoyendera sitima zapamsewu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-03-2026